Herpes simplex virus enhances HIV-1 transmission by Langerhans cells
نویسندگان
چکیده
Genital herpes is a risk factor to acquire HIV-1 infection by sexual contact, by increasing both infectivity of an infected person and susceptibility to acquire HIV-1. Here we have investigated the mechanisms that underlie the increased susceptibility to HIV-1 when people have genital herpes. Under steady state conditions, LCs capture HIV-1 through interaction with the C-type lectin Langerin, resulting in viral clearance and protection against HIV-1. During primary genital herpes or recurrent infections, HSV infects epithelial cells and encounters LCs in the mucosal epithelium. We set out to investigate the function of HSV-infected LCs and subepithelial DCs during HIV-1 transmission. We demonstrate that HSV interacts with soluble and cellular Langerin and that infection of LCs decreases expression of this receptor. Notably, LC infection with both HSV-1 and HSV-2 enhances HIV-1 transmission, suggesting an important role for LCs during HIV-1 transmission in the HSV-infected individual. Furthermore our data indicate that HSV infection of DCs and LCs has different outcomes for HIV-1 transmission, and our results suggest that DC-SIGN and Langerin are involved. Future research is needed to confirm the differential role of Langerin and DC-SIGN during HIV-1 transmission in conditions of genital herpes.
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Herpes Simplex Virus and Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
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